The Causes Of The Nursing Shortage - 1563 Words

The Causes of the Nursing Shortage On June 14, 2011, Claire Courchane talking about the current situation in the nursing field said that ‘With the nursing shortage looming, America needs shot in the arm’. She couldn’t address such reality in better words. The shortage, which goes evolving, already has dramatic effects on our healthcare system. In 1998, a 61 years old woman experienced the consequences of an understaff hospital due to a nurse shortage. Indeed, Shirley Keck who was interned at Wesley Medical Center, in Wichita, Kansas, died earlier this year as a result of a lack of care while staying in that facilty. With 42 critically ill patients, only three nurses were on duty at the Wesley medical Center the night the incident†¦show more content†¦However the problem shouldn’t be seen as the result of a single factor. It turned out that it is a combination of different factors which today give rise to the lack of health care providers. The nursing shortage is due to a combinatio n of negative reputation, declining enrollment and faculty and increases of the population. Historically, nursing has always been the woman profession par excellence. Indeed, from the time of Florence Nightingale, a famous English nurse, the profession was seen as a place woman could cultivate and expand feminine virtue as well as their mind. When the Feminist Movement arose in the late 1900, it sought to rid the nursing ideal of virtue. The movement advocates that women shouldn’t be restricted to professions such as nursing or secretaries. They could engage in careers that would enhance their quality of life, and bring them worthy compensation. Unfortunately, the side effect of such speech was that women started to regard nursing as an undistinguished profession. Women are entering law school, medical school, and the corporate world in droves instead. The change in the professional ideal of nursing acted like a snowball up to nowadays. Research indicates that 35% fewer women would choose nursing as a career in the 1990s than they would have in the 1970s (AACN). Rei nforced by a negative public opinion and a biased portrait in the media, the current image of the profession is dull.

It is always a mystery about how the universe bega Argumentative Essay Example For Students

It is always a mystery about how the universe bega Argumentative Essay vobn, whether if andwhen it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmologicalmodels that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: BigBang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, theBig Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago,the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the BigBang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our presentuniverse were packed together in the primeval fireballan extremely hotdense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang wasthe start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stagerapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensedinto galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies havecontinued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe isstill expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve orchange in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there bechange in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmologicalprinciple. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere onthe large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density ofThere are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bangmodel is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshiftsof distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if agalaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will havea shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, asastronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, themore redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is,the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bangmodel seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the BigBang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filledwith a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violentexplosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireballwould have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expandinguniverse uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwaveradiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, allyear.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireballradiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt onthe Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existenceof this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of theSince the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and thefuture of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billionyears ago, time began. The points that were to become the universeexploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature ofthis explosion may never be known. However, recent theoreticalbreakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggestedthat space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utterchaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4Before the u niverse began, this chaos was all there was. At sometime, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with atemperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being thathot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period,billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of theperiod of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .postImageUrl , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:hover , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:visited , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:active { border:0!important; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:active , .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u980d5e8e2cef22f47d412ff2b398b2df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economic Agricultural Statistics EssayThe temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter toform, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin hazeof matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter wasformed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe atThe temperature of the expanding fireball dropped rapidly, cooling toa few billion degrees in few minutes. Matter continued to condense out ofenergy, first protons and neutrons, then electrons, and finally neutrinos. After about an hour, the temperature had dropped below a billion degrees,and protons and neutrons combined and formed hydrogen, deuterium, helium. In a billion years, this cloud of energy, atoms, and neutrinos had cooledenough for galaxies to form. The expanding cloud cooled still furtheruntil today, its temperature is a couple of degrees above absolute zero. In the future, the universe may end up in two possible situations. From the initial Big Bang, the universe attained a speed of expansion. Ifthat speed is greater than the universes own escape velocity, then theuniverse will not stop its expansion. Such a universe is said to be open. If the velocity of expansion is slower than the escape velocity, theuniverse will eventually reach the limit of its outward thrust, just like aball thrown in the air comes to the top of its arc, slows, stops, andstarts to fall. The crash of the long fall may be the Big Bang to thebeginning of another universe, as the fireball formed at the end of thecontraction leaps outward in another great expansion.6 Such a universe isIf the universe has achieved escape velocity, it will continue toexpand forever. The stars will redden and die, the universe will be like alimitless empty haze, expanding infinitely into the darkness. This spacewill become even emptier, as the fundamental particles of matter age, anddecay through time. As the years stretch on into infinity, nothing willremain. A few primitive atoms such as positrons and electrons will beorbiting each other at distances of hundreds of astronomical units.7 Theseparticles will spiral slowly toward each other until touching, and theywill vanish in the last flash of light. After all, the Big Bang model isonly an assumption. No one knows for sure that exactly how the universebegan and how it will end. However, the Big Bang model is the most logicaland reasonable theory to explain the universe in modern science. ENDNOTES1. Dinah L. Mache, Astronomy, New York: John Wiley ; Sons,3. Joseph Silk, The Big Bang, New York: W.H. Freeman and4. Terry Holt, The Universe Next Door, New York: Charles6. Charles J. Caes, Cosmology, The Search For The Order OfThe Universe, USA: Tab Books Inc., 1986. p. 72. 7. John Gribbin, In Search Of The Big Bang, New York: BantamBIBLIOGRAPHYBoslough, John. Stephen Hawkings Universe. New York: Cambridge Caes, J. Charles. Cosmology, The Search For The Order Of TheUniverse. USA: Tab Books Inc., 1986. Gribbin, John. In Search Of The Big Bang. New York: BantamHolt, Terry. The Universe Next Door. New York: CharlesKaufmann, J. William III. Astronomy: The Structure Of The Universe. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1977. Mache, L. Dinah. Astronomy. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc., Silk, Joseph. The Big Bang. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, Bibliography: